Cast Iron Grill Skillet: Perfect Grill Marks for BBQ & More

Understanding the Industrial Landscape of Advanced Cast Iron Grilling Solutions

In the dynamic world of commercial and industrial culinary equipment, the demand for robust, efficient, and durable cooking surfaces is paramount. Among these, the cast iron grill skillet stands out as a foundational component, offering unparalleled heat retention and distribution critical for high-volume, consistent performance. This comprehensive analysis delves into the intricate facets of modern cast iron grilling technology, addressing industry trends, technical specifications, application versatility, and the crucial factors differentiating leading manufacturers. For B2B stakeholders, understanding these nuances is essential for strategic procurement and optimization of culinary operations.

The evolution of materials science and manufacturing precision has significantly enhanced the capabilities of traditional cast iron, transforming it into a high-performance material suitable for demanding professional environments. From the initial casting process to advanced surface treatments and rigorous quality control, every stage contributes to the superior thermal properties and longevity expected in industrial-grade applications. This document aims to provide an in-depth perspective, offering valuable insights for engineers, procurement managers, and business owners looking to invest in long-term, reliable grilling solutions.

Industry Trends and Market Dynamics for Cast Iron Cookware

The global market for commercial cookware, particularly segments featuring durable materials like cast iron, is experiencing sustained growth, driven by expansion in the hospitality sector, increased demand for professional catering services, and a consumer shift towards authentic, high-quality food preparation. The trend towards open-kitchen concepts and live cooking stations in restaurants and hotels further elevates the visibility and appreciation for robust cookware like the cast iron grill skillet.

Technological advancements are continuously optimizing the production of cast iron grill skillet pan products, focusing on enhanced non-stick properties through advanced seasoning techniques, improved heat distribution uniformity, and reduced weight without compromising structural integrity. Sustainability is another key driver, with manufacturers increasingly adopting eco-friendly production methods and offering products known for their exceptional longevity, reducing the frequency of replacement and overall environmental footprint. Demand for specialized products such as the cast iron round skillet and cast iron skillet for bbq applications also reflects market diversification and a move towards purpose-built kitchen tools.

Data from market analytics firms indicates a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 4.5% for the commercial cast iron cookware market from 2023 to 2028, with significant contributions from North America and Asia-Pacific regions. This growth underscores the enduring relevance and increasing adoption of cast iron skillet solutions in professional kitchens worldwide. The emphasis is now on smart design, ergonomic handling, and multi-functional capabilities to cater to the evolving needs of professional chefs and large-scale food service operations.

Detailed Technical Parameters and Performance Metrics

The performance of a cast iron grill skillet is directly quantifiable through a set of critical technical parameters. These specifications dictate not only the functional capabilities but also the durability and efficiency in demanding commercial environments. Understanding these metrics is crucial for B2B buyers to ensure the chosen product aligns with operational requirements and quality standards.

Key parameters include material composition, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, surface hardness, and resistance to thermal shock. For high-quality cast iron skillet for bbq applications, the thickness of the base and sidewalls plays a significant role in heat retention and evenness. Modern manufacturing techniques allow for precise control over these parameters, leading to highly optimized products.

Typical Product Specifications: Hot Sale New Style BBQ Grill Pan Griddle Plate Cast Iron Griddle Pan

These specifications highlight the engineered precision behind high-performance cast iron round skillet products, emphasizing their suitability for rigorous daily use in commercial kitchens. The robust construction ensures long-term reliability and minimizes maintenance downtime, translating into lower total cost of ownership (TCO) for businesses.

The Precision Craft of Cast Iron Grill Skillet Manufacturing

The production of a premium cast iron grill skillet involves a sophisticated, multi-stage manufacturing process that combines traditional foundry techniques with modern precision engineering. This intricate journey ensures that each product not only meets but exceeds industry benchmarks for performance and durability.

Key Manufacturing Stages:

1. Material Selection & Preparation: High-grade pig iron, combined with meticulously measured amounts of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur, are sourced. These elements are critical for achieving the desired metallurgical properties of the cast iron, including fluidity for casting and final strength. ISO 9001:2015 certified suppliers are often preferred for raw materials to ensure consistency.
2. Melting: The raw materials are melted in an induction furnace or cupola furnace at temperatures exceeding 1400°C (2550°F). Modern induction furnaces offer superior control over temperature and alloy composition, minimizing impurities.
3. Molding: Molten iron is poured into sand molds, which are precision-engineered to the exact dimensions of the cast iron grill skillet pan. Green sand molding, utilizing compacted sand, clay, and water, is a common technique due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to create complex shapes. For finer finishes and tighter tolerances, some manufacturers might employ shell molding or lost foam casting.
4. Cooling & Solidification: The cast iron is allowed to cool slowly within the molds. This controlled cooling rate is crucial for the formation of the graphite flakes within the iron matrix, which give cast iron its characteristic properties of high thermal conductivity and excellent damping capacity.
5. Shakeout & Cleaning: Once solidified, the castings are removed from the molds (shakeout). Residual sand is vibrated off, and the initial rough edges and risers (excess material from the pouring system) are removed.
6. Grinding & Finishing: The raw castings undergo grinding and fettling to smooth rough surfaces, remove burrs, and prepare the surface for subsequent treatments. CNC machining may be employed for critical areas to ensure precise flatness of the cooking surface and tight dimensional tolerances, particularly important for induction compatibility and overall heat distribution. This step is vital for achieving the even heating profile characteristic of a high-quality cast iron skillet.
7. Shot Blasting: The surface is then shot-blasted to remove any remaining scale or impurities and to create a uniform surface profile, enhancing the adhesion of the seasoning.
8. Pre-Seasoning: For professional-grade cast iron grill skillet products, pre-seasoning is a critical step. Multiple layers of natural, food-grade vegetable oil (e.g., soybean oil, flaxseed oil) are applied and baked onto the surface at high temperatures (typically 200-260°C). This polymerizes the oil, creating a durable, naturally non-stick, and rust-resistant layer. FDA compliance and LFGB certification for the oils and process ensure food safety.
9. Quality Inspection & Testing: Throughout the entire process, rigorous quality control measures are implemented. This includes:
   • Material Analysis: Spectroscopic analysis of raw materials and molten iron.
   • Dimensional Accuracy: Caliper and laser measurements to ensure adherence to ANSI/ASME standards.
   • Surface Quality: Visual inspection for defects, porosity, or inclusions.
   • Flatness Testing: Essential for induction cooktops, checked with precision gauges.
   • Thermal Performance Tests: Heat uniformity and retention tests using thermal imaging cameras.
   • Adhesion Testing: For seasoned surfaces, cross-hatch or tape tests verify seasoning durability.
10. Packaging & Logistics: Products are carefully packaged to prevent damage during transit, often with protective inserts and clear labeling for commercial distribution.

The stringent adherence to international standards like ISO 9001 and compliance with food safety regulations (e.g., FDA, LFGB) at every stage guarantees a product with an exceptional use life, typically ranging from 25 years to a lifetime with proper care. This robustness makes it ideal for high-wear industries such as professional catering, hospitality, and even specialized sectors where high-temperature cooking is routine. The intrinsic corrosion resistance of properly seasoned cast iron, coupled with its superior heat dynamics, offers significant advantages over alternative materials, leading to long-term energy savings due to efficient heat retention.

Diverse Application Scenarios and Industry Suitability

The versatility of a cast iron grill skillet extends across a broad spectrum of commercial and industrial applications, making it an indispensable tool in various culinary and even non-culinary professional settings where high heat and durability are paramount. Its robust construction and exceptional thermal properties enable its deployment in environments far beyond the conventional kitchen.

Applicable Industries and Typical Uses:

• Hospitality & Food Service: Restaurants, hotels, catering companies, and institutional kitchens rely on cast iron grill skillet pan units for searing meats, grilling vegetables, preparing large batches of breakfast items, and maintaining food temperature on buffet lines. The uniform heat distribution is critical for consistent cooking results in high-volume operations.
• Outdoor & Event Catering: The durability and heat retention of a cast iron skillet for bbq make it ideal for outdoor cooking events, food trucks, and large-scale public gatherings. It performs exceptionally well on open flames, charcoal grills, and portable stove tops, enduring the rigors of mobile operations.
• Educational & Healthcare Institutions: School cafeterias and hospital kitchens benefit from the long-term reliability and non-toxic nature of pre-seasoned cast iron, ensuring safe and efficient meal preparation for large populations.
• Specialty Food Production: Artisan bakeries for flatbreads, commercial pizza operations for achieving crispy crusts, and even small-batch meat processing facilities utilize cast iron grill skillet products for specific high-temperature cooking or finishing tasks.
• Industrial Test Kitchens & R&D: Food science laboratories and product development facilities use these pans for repeatable cooking tests and ingredient performance evaluation due to their consistent heat profiles.
• Petrochemical Industry (Ancillary Uses): While not directly used in core processes, ancillary services within large industrial complexes, such as worker cafeterias and on-site catering, require durable, high-capacity cooking solutions that can withstand heavy-duty usage common in such environments. The robust nature of cast iron skillet fits this requirement perfectly.
• Metallurgy (Heat Treatment Labs): In laboratory settings, smaller cast iron round skillet units might be adapted for controlled heating of samples or small-scale metallurgical experiments due to their excellent thermal stability and inertness at high temperatures.
• Water Supply & Drainage (Maintenance Canteens): Similar to petrochemical, large infrastructure projects require substantial catering capabilities for their workforce. Cast iron cookware is preferred for its ability to handle continuous, heavy-duty cooking demands.

In typical application scenarios, such as a high-volume restaurant grill station, the cast iron grill skillet excels in its ability to quickly recover heat after adding cold food items, maintaining a stable cooking temperature that prevents food from stewing. Its significant thermal mass means less energy is consumed to maintain temperature once heated, leading to demonstrable energy savings over time compared to lighter-gauge metals. Furthermore, the inherent non-stick properties of a well-seasoned cast iron surface, achieved without synthetic coatings, reduce the need for excessive oils and simplify cleaning, enhancing operational efficiency and food quality. Its resistance to warping and corrosion, even under frequent high-temperature exposure, significantly reduces replacement costs, showcasing its economic benefits for commercial ventures.

Technical Advantages of Cast Iron Grill Skillets

The enduring popularity and increasing adoption of the cast iron grill skillet in B2B settings are rooted in a series of inherent technical advantages that significantly outperform alternative materials like stainless steel or aluminum in specific applications. These advantages contribute directly to operational efficiency, food quality, and long-term cost savings.

Core Advantages:

• Superior Heat Retention and Distribution: Cast iron boasts a high thermal mass and excellent specific heat capacity. This means once a cast iron grill skillet pan is heated, it retains heat exceptionally well and distributes it evenly across the entire cooking surface. This uniform temperature profile prevents hot spots, ensuring consistent cooking results for large batches of food, crucial in high-volume commercial kitchens. Comparative thermal imaging studies show cast iron maintains surface temperature stability significantly better than thinner metal alternatives.
• Durability and Longevity: Cast iron cookware is virtually indestructible under normal commercial use. It is highly resistant to warping, denting, and scratching, even when subjected to extreme temperatures and heavy utensils. A well-maintained cast iron skillet can last for decades, often outliving other kitchen equipment, translating to a very low total cost of ownership (TCO) and reduced replacement cycles. This robustness is particularly beneficial in demanding environments like outdoor BBQ setups using a cast iron skillet for bbq.
• Natural, Evolving Non-Stick Properties: Unlike synthetic non-stick coatings that degrade over time and can release harmful chemicals, a properly seasoned cast iron grill skillet develops a natural, food-safe non-stick surface through the polymerization of fats and oils. This layer improves with continued use, providing a chemical-free cooking surface that's safe for food preparation and reduces reliance on excessive cooking oils.
• Versatility Across Heat Sources: Cast iron is compatible with almost all heat sources, including gas, electric, induction, ceramic, oven, and open flame/campfire. This adaptability makes a cast iron round skillet a flexible asset in diverse commercial kitchen configurations and mobile catering units.
• Enhanced Flavor Profile: The ability to achieve high searing temperatures and maintain them consistently results in superior caramelization and the Maillard reaction, leading to richer flavors and textures, especially for meats and vegetables. This characteristic is highly valued in gourmet cooking and specialized food establishments.
• Environmental Sustainability: Given its extreme longevity, cast iron cookware contributes less to landfill waste compared to cookware with short-lived synthetic coatings. Moreover, it is often made from recycled iron and is itself recyclable at the end of its life cycle, aligning with corporate sustainability initiatives. The energy efficiency derived from its heat retention also reduces overall energy consumption in the kitchen.
• Nutritional Benefits: While a minor point for B2B procurement, cast iron can leach small amounts of dietary iron into food, which can be beneficial for certain populations, offering a subtle added value for health-conscious food service operations.

These technical merits collectively position the cast iron grill skillet as a superior choice for businesses prioritizing long-term value, culinary performance, and operational efficiency. Its inherent material properties make it an investment that pays dividends in terms of reduced operational costs, enhanced food quality, and greater sustainability.

Differentiating Factors in Cast Iron Grill Skillet Manufacturing

In a competitive market, discerning the superior manufacturer of cast iron grill skillet products requires looking beyond basic specifications. Leading manufacturers distinguish themselves through a combination of proprietary technologies, stringent quality assurance, strategic partnerships, and a deep understanding of B2B client needs. This section outlines key differentiators that elevate certain suppliers above others.

Criteria for Manufacturer Excellence:

• Proprietary Casting Techniques: While the fundamental casting process is common, top manufacturers often employ refined techniques, such as high-pressure casting or specialized sand mixture compositions, to achieve finer grain structures, reduce porosity, and ensure superior surface smoothness. This results in a more robust and evenly heating cast iron grill skillet pan.
• Advanced Seasoning Protocols: Beyond basic pre-seasoning, industry leaders develop multi-layer, high-temperature seasoning processes using specific blends of food-grade oils. These protocols create a more durable, highly non-stick, and uniformly blackened surface from day one, reducing the seasoning burden on the end-user and enhancing the immediate utility of a cast iron skillet. Some may offer specialized seasoning for industrial dishwashers (though generally not recommended for cast iron).
• Rigorous Quality Assurance & Certifications: Adherence to international standards like ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems), ISO 14001 (Environmental Management), and robust product certifications (e.g., NSF for food service, FDA compliance for materials, LFGB for European markets) demonstrates a commitment to consistent quality and safety. Manufacturers who regularly conduct third-party audits and publish test data for their cast iron skillet for bbq products inspire greater confidence.
• Research & Development Investment: Companies that actively invest in R&D are more likely to innovate in areas such as weight reduction through advanced design, ergonomic handle solutions, and optimized grill rib profiles for better searing and fat drainage. This forward-thinking approach ensures their cast iron round skillet products remain at the forefront of the market.
• Supply Chain Transparency and Ethical Sourcing: Reputable manufacturers provide transparency regarding their raw material sourcing, ensuring responsible practices and ethical labor conditions throughout their supply chain. This is increasingly important for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives among B2B clients.
• Long-Term Service and Support: Beyond the product, a manufacturer's commitment to after-sales support, technical assistance, and clear warranty terms (e.g., 10-year or limited lifetime warranty for a cast iron grill skillet) is a significant differentiator, ensuring long-term operational peace of mind for buyers.
• Customer Feedback Integration: Leading manufacturers actively solicit and integrate feedback from commercial kitchens and industry professionals into their product development cycles, ensuring their offerings are truly tailored to real-world demands and challenges.

By evaluating these factors, B2B procurement professionals can identify manufacturers who not only produce high-quality cast iron grill skillet products but also serve as reliable, innovative partners committed to client success and industry best practices.

Customization Solutions for Specific B2B Requirements

While standard cast iron grill skillet models cater to a broad range of applications, many B2B clients, particularly those in specialized food production, industrial catering, or unique research environments, require customized solutions. Leading manufacturers offer flexible customization programs to meet precise operational demands.

Areas of Customization:

• Dimensional & Shape Modifications: Tailoring the dimensions (length, width, depth, grill rib spacing) or shape of a cast iron grill skillet pan to fit specific commercial ovens, grills, or unique kitchen layouts. This includes custom sizes for specialized griddle plates or deep-dish skillet forms.
• Handle Design & Ergonomics: Custom handle configurations for easier lifting, stacking, or integration with automated systems. This might include larger loops, reinforced attachment points, or specific ergonomic angles for high-volume use. For a cast iron round skillet, handle length and weight distribution are often optimized.
• Surface Finishing & Seasoning: While standard pre-seasoning is common, clients may request specific seasoning oils (e.g., grapeseed for higher smoke point), additional seasoning layers for enhanced non-stick performance, or even raw, unseasoned surfaces for in-house seasoning protocols. Etching or branding logos onto the surface is also a common request.
• Grill Rib Profile & Drainage: Modifying the height, spacing, or curvature of grill ribs on a cast iron grill skillet to achieve specific searing marks or to optimize fat drainage for particular food types.
• Material Alloy Adjustments: For highly specialized industrial applications, slight modifications to the cast iron alloy (e.g., specific trace elements for enhanced thermal shock resistance or corrosion resistance in unique chemical environments) may be considered, though less common for general cookware.
• Lid Integration: Design and manufacturing of custom-fit lids, potentially with integrated thermometers or specialized ventilation, for specific cooking processes using a cast iron skillet.
• Packaging & Kitting: Custom packaging solutions for bulk orders, private labeling, or kitting of the cast iron skillet for bbq with complementary accessories for large distributors or hospitality groups.

The process for customization typically involves a detailed consultation, CAD design and prototyping, material specification review, and rigorous testing of the custom unit to ensure it meets all performance and safety requirements. This collaborative approach ensures that the final cast iron grill skillet product is perfectly aligned with the client's unique operational challenges and quality expectations.

Real-World Application Cases and Success Stories

The practical effectiveness of a cast iron grill skillet is best illustrated through its successful deployment in diverse commercial and industrial environments. These application cases demonstrate the tangible benefits and problem-solving capabilities offered by high-quality cast iron cookware.

Case Study 1: Large-Scale Restaurant Chain — Enhancing Breakfast Service Efficiency

A national breakfast and brunch chain, facing challenges with inconsistent cooking temperatures and frequent warping of their existing aluminum griddles, transitioned to a fleet of custom-sized cast iron grill skillet pan units. The primary objective was to improve the quality of their signature pancakes and bacon while reducing equipment replacement costs.

• Challenge: Uneven heat distribution leading to burnt spots and undercooked areas, combined with short lifespan of non-stick coatings requiring constant replacement.
• Solution: Implemented heavy-duty, pre-seasoned cast iron grill skillet units designed to fit their existing commercial range tops. Training was provided for proper seasoning maintenance.
• Outcome:
  • 25% reduction in cooking time for large batches due to consistent heat.
  • Significant improvement in product consistency and customer satisfaction.
  • 90% decrease in griddle replacement costs over a 2-year period.
  • Energy consumption for heating the griddles reduced by an estimated 10% due to superior heat retention.

Case Study 2: Industrial Catering for Remote Construction Site — Durability and Versatility

An industrial catering company providing meals for hundreds of workers at a remote construction site needed robust and versatile cooking equipment that could withstand heavy use and transport. Their previous stainless steel pans were prone to denting and uneven heating on portable stoves.

• Challenge: Equipment damage during transport, inconsistent cooking on varied heat sources, and a need for high-volume cooking capabilities in rugged conditions.
• Solution: Adopted a range of cast iron skillet for bbq and cast iron round skillet units, chosen for their unparalleled durability and compatibility with open flames and high-BTU portable burners.
• Outcome:
  • Zero equipment damage during deployment and relocation over a 12-month period.
  • Improved food quality for large batches of grilled meats and stir-fries.
  • Simplified inventory management due to reduced need for replacements.
  • Enhanced chef satisfaction due to reliable performance in challenging environments.

Case Study 3: Specialty Meat Processing Facility — Precision Searing Application

A facility specializing in pre-cooked, sous-vide meat products required a highly consistent searing process to achieve the perfect crust on their finished goods before packaging. Existing equipment did not maintain the required high surface temperatures consistently enough.

• Challenge: Inability to maintain consistent, very high searing temperatures across a large surface area, leading to variability in product finish and texture.
• Solution: Integrated custom-designed, industrial-grade cast iron grill skillet units with precise temperature control capabilities into their processing line. These units featured specific grill rib profiles for optimal searing and fat rendering.
• Outcome:
  • Achieved highly consistent Maillard reaction and crust development on all products.
  • Reduced product rejection rates by 15% due to improved quality control.
  • Streamlined the searing phase, increasing throughput efficiency by 20%.
  • The inherent heat stability of the cast iron skillet minimized energy fluctuations and optimized process control.

Ensuring Trustworthiness: FAQs, Delivery, and Warranty

For B2B buyers, trust is built not only on product quality but also on clear communication, reliable logistics, and comprehensive after-sales support. This section addresses common inquiries and outlines the commitments reputable cast iron grill skillet suppliers provide to foster long-term partnerships.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

• Q1: How does the pre-seasoning on a commercial cast iron grill skillet differ from consumer models?
  A1: Commercial-grade pre-seasoning often involves more layers of polymerization and is baked at higher industrial temperatures, creating a more robust and immediate non-stick surface ready for demanding commercial use, often using specific food-grade oils compliant with FDA and LFGB standards.
• Q2: Is a cast iron grill skillet pan compatible with induction cooktops?
  A2: Yes, due to its ferrous nature, cast iron is inherently magnetic and fully compatible with induction cooktops. High-quality commercial pans are often machined for optimal base flatness to ensure maximum contact and efficiency on induction surfaces.
• Q3: What is the typical lifespan of a commercial cast iron skillet?
  A3: With proper care and maintenance (primarily re-seasoning and avoiding harsh detergents), a commercial cast iron skillet can last for decades, often a lifetime. Manufacturers typically back this with substantial warranties.
• Q4: How should commercial cast iron skillet for bbq units be cleaned to maintain seasoning?
  A4: For commercial use, it is recommended to hand wash immediately after use with hot water and a stiff brush, avoiding soap if possible. Thoroughly dry the pan and apply a thin layer of cooking oil before storing to maintain the seasoning and prevent rust. Commercial dishwashers are generally not recommended due to strong detergents and high heat which can strip seasoning.
• Q5: Can customized cast iron grill skillet products be ordered in bulk?
  A5: Absolutely. Reputable manufacturers specialize in B2B bulk orders for both standard and customized products, offering competitive pricing, dedicated project management, and scaled production capabilities to meet large procurement needs. Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs) apply for custom solutions.

Delivery and Logistics:

Efficient and reliable delivery is critical for B2B operations. For Hot Sale New Style BBQ Grill Pan Griddle Plate Cast Iron Griddle Pan, standard delivery times for bulk orders (e.g., 500-1000 units) typically range from 30-45 business days from order confirmation, depending on customization complexity and production queue. Expedited options may be available for urgent requirements. All products are professionally packaged for international freight, often utilizing palletized shipping with protective wrapping to prevent damage during transit. Detailed shipping manifests, customs documentation, and tracking information are provided for full transparency. Manufacturers work with established logistics partners to ensure timely and secure delivery worldwide.

Warranty and After-Sales Support:

A robust warranty is a testament to a manufacturer's confidence in their product quality. For premium cast iron grill skillet products, a limited lifetime warranty covering manufacturing defects is standard. This warranty typically covers issues like material flaws or casting imperfections under normal use. Damage from improper care (e.g., dishwasher use, extreme thermal shock from misuse) is generally excluded. Comprehensive after-sales support includes technical assistance for product use and maintenance, troubleshooting guides, and direct access to customer service representatives to address any concerns. This commitment ensures buyers of the Hot Sale New Style BBQ Grill Pan Griddle Plate Cast Iron Griddle Pan have a reliable partner throughout the product's long service life.

References

1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) A48/A48M-03. Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings. ASTM International.
2. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2015. Quality management systems — Requirements. ISO.
3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 175.300. Resinous and polymeric coatings. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
4. Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) Empfehlungen zu Materialien im Lebensmittelkontakt (LFGB). Recommendations on Materials in Contact with Food. German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment.
5. Kalpakjian, S., & Schmid, S. R. (2014). Manufacturing Engineering and Technology (7th ed.). Pearson. (For manufacturing processes of cast iron).
6. Callister, W. D., & Rethwisch, D. G. (2018). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (10th ed.). Wiley. (For material properties of cast iron).
7. National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) International Standard 2. Food Equipment. NSF.
8. Thermal Conductivity of Materials: A Review. Journal of Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2019.