Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za zophika zachitsulo?

(2022-06-09 06:47:11)

Tsopano anthu akumvetsera kwambiri mutu wa thanzi, ndipo "kudya" n'kofunika tsiku lililonse. Mwambiwu umati, “matenda amatuluka m’kamwa ndipo tsoka limatuluka m’kamwa,” ndipo kudya kopatsa thanzi kwalandira chidwi kwambiri ndi anthu. Ziwiya zophikira ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuphika kwa anthu. Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri a World Health Organization amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito miphika yachitsulo. Miphika yachitsulo nthawi zambiri ilibe zinthu zina zamakemikolo ndipo sizimawonjezera okosijeni. Pophika ndi kuphika, mphika wachitsulo sudzakhala ndi zinthu zowonongeka, ndipo palibe vuto lakugwa. Ngakhale zinthu zachitsulo zitasungunuka, zimakhala zabwino kuti munthu amwe. Akatswiri a WHO amakhulupirira kuti kuphika mumphika wachitsulo ndiyo njira yolunjika kwambiri yowonjezerera ayironi. Lero tiphunzira za chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza mphika wachitsulo.

Kodi zophikira zitsulo zotayidwa ndi chiyani

Miphika yopangidwa ndi chitsulo-carbon alloys yokhala ndi mpweya wopitilira 2%. Industrial cast iron iron imakhala ndi 2% mpaka 4% carbon. Mpweya umakhalapo mu mawonekedwe a graphite mu chitsulo chosungunula, ndipo nthawi zina umakhalapo ngati simenti. Kuphatikiza pa carbon, chitsulo chosungunula chilinso ndi 1% mpaka 3% ya silicon, komanso phosphorous, sulfure ndi zinthu zina. Chitsulo cha aloyi chimakhalanso ndi zinthu monga faifi tambala, chromium, molybdenum, mkuwa, boron, ndi vanadium. Mpweya ndi silicon ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza microstructure ndi katundu wa chitsulo choponyedwa.

Chitsulo chachitsulo chikhoza kugawidwa mu:

Gray cast iron. Mpweya wa carbon ndi wochuluka (2.7% mpaka 4.0%), carbon makamaka imakhalapo ngati flake graphite, ndipo fracture ndi imvi, yomwe imatchedwa chitsulo chotuwa. Malo osungunuka otsika (1145-1250), kuchepa pang'ono panthawi yolimba, kulimba kwamphamvu ndi kuuma pafupi ndi chitsulo cha carbon, ndi kuyamwa kwabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakina monga bedi la zida zamakina, silinda ndi bokosi.

Chitsulo choyera. Zomwe zili mu carbon ndi silicon ndizochepa, carbon makamaka imakhalapo ngati simenti, ndipo fracture ndi yoyera ya silvery.

Ubwino wa zophikira zitsulo zotayidwa

Ubwino wa zophikira zitsulo zotayidwa ndikuti kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kofanana, kutentha kumakhala kochepa, ndipo n'kosavuta kuphatikiza ndi zinthu za acidic panthawi yophika, zomwe zimawonjezera chitsulo m'zakudya kangapo. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kubadwanso kwa magazi ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga chobwezeretsanso magazi, wakhala chimodzi mwa ziwiya zophikira zomwe amakonda kwambiri kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Chitsulo chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosowa m'thupi la munthu chimachokera ku miphika yachitsulo, chifukwa miphika yachitsulo imatha kuphatikiza zinthu zachitsulo pophika, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuti thupi la munthu litenge.

Akatswiri ofufuza za kadyedwe padziko lonse amanena kuti ziwiya zachitsulo ndi ziwiya zotetezeka kwambiri zakukhitchini kunjako. Miphika yachitsulo nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha nkhumba ndipo nthawi zambiri ilibe mankhwala ena. Pophika ndi kuphika, sipadzakhala chinthu chosungunuka mumphika wachitsulo, ndipo sipadzakhala vuto la kugwa. Ngakhale zitakhala kuti chitsulo chosungunula chikugwa, ndi bwino kuti thupi la munthu liumwe. Mphika wachitsulo uli ndi chithandizo chabwino chothandizira kupewa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mchere pa chitsulo pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo ngakhale kukangana pakati pa mphika ndi fosholo, chitsulo chamkati chamkati cha mphika chimapangidwa kukhala ufa ndi m'mimba mwake yaing'ono. Izi ufa atatengeka ndi thupi la munthu, iwo amasandulika kukhala mchere chitsulo zosawerengeka pansi pa zochita za chapamimba asidi, potero kukhala hematopoietic zopangira za thupi la munthu ndi kusonyeza wawo wothandiza achire zotsatira. Chitsulo chachitsulo chothandizira ndi cholunjika kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, Jennings, wolemba nkhani komanso katswiri wazakudya m'magazini ya American "Good Eating" adafotokozanso maubwino ena awiri a kuphika mu wok ku thupi la munthu:

1. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa pophika mu poto yachitsulo. Ngati poto yachitsulo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mafuta osanjikiza amapangidwa mwachilengedwe pamtunda, womwe umakhala wofanana ndi poto yopanda ndodo. Musamathire mafuta ochulukirapo pophika, kuti musamadye mafuta ophikira kwambiri. Kuti mutsuke mphika wachitsulo, palibe chotsukira chomwe chimafunika, ingogwiritsani ntchito madzi otentha ndi burashi yolimba kuti muyeretse, ndikuwumitsa kwathunthu.

2. Ziwaya zachitsulo zotayidwa zachikhalidwe zimatha kupewa zotsatira za mankhwala owopsa omwe ali pamwamba pa ziwaya zopanda ndodo. Zokazinga zopanda ndodo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi carbon tetrafluoride, mankhwala omwe amatha kuvulaza chiwindi, kusokoneza kukula, komanso kumayambitsa khansa. Palinso kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti mankhwalawa amatha kupangitsa kuti amayi ayambe kutha msinkhu. Pophika ndi poto yopanda ndodo, carbon tetrafluoride idzasinthidwa kukhala mpweya wotentha kwambiri, ndipo idzakokedwa ndi thupi la munthu pamodzi ndi utsi wophika. Kuonjezera apo, pamwamba pa poto yopanda ndodo imadulidwa ndi fosholo, ndipo carbon tetrafluoride idzagwera mu chakudya ndikudyedwa mwachindunji ndi anthu. Ziwaya zachitsulo zachikhalidwe zilibe zokutira ndi mankhwalawa, ndipo mwachilengedwe palibe ngozi yotere.