Niki ugomba kumenya kubijyanye no guteka ibyuma?

(2022-06-09 06:47:11)

Ubu abantu barimo kwitondera cyane ingingo yubuzima, kandi "kurya" ni ngombwa buri munsi. Nkuko baca umugani ngo, "indwara ziva mu kanwa kandi ibyago biva mu kanwa", kandi kurya neza byitabiriwe n'abantu benshi. Ibikoresho byo guteka nigikoresho cyingirakamaro muguteka abantu. Ni muri urwo rwego, impuguke z’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi zirasaba ko hakoreshwa inkono. Inkono y'icyuma muri rusange ntabwo irimo ibindi bintu bya shimi kandi ntibishobora okiside. Mugihe cyo guteka no guteka, inkono yicyuma ntizaba yashonze ibintu, kandi ntakibazo cyo kugwa. Nubwo ibintu bya fer byashonga, nibyiza kwinjizwa kwabantu. Abahanga ba OMS ndetse bemeza ko guteka mu nkono y'icyuma aribwo buryo butaziguye bwo kuzuza ibyuma. Uyu munsi tugiye kwiga kubyerekeye ubumenyi bujyanye n'inkono y'icyuma.

Ni iki gikozwe mu byuma

Inkono ikozwe mu byuma-karubone bivanze na karubone irenga 2%. Inganda zikora inganda zirimo karubone 2% kugeza 4%. Carbone ibaho muburyo bwa grafite mubyuma, kandi rimwe na rimwe ibaho muburyo bwa sima. Usibye karubone, icyuma kirimo na silikoni 1% kugeza 3%, hamwe na fosifore, sulfure nibindi bintu. Alloy cast fer nayo irimo ibintu nka nikel, chromium, molybdenum, umuringa, boron, na vanadium. Carbone na silicon nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri microstructure hamwe nimiterere yicyuma.

Icyuma gishobora kugabanywamo:

Icyatsi kibisi. Ibirimo bya karubone ni byinshi (2.7% kugeza kuri 4.0%), karubone ibaho cyane muburyo bwa flake grafite, kandi kuvunika ni imvi, bita icyuma cyijimye. Ahantu ho gushonga (1145-1250), kugabanuka gato mugihe cyo gukomera, imbaraga zo kwikomeretsa no gukomera hafi yicyuma cya karubone, hamwe no kwinjiza neza. Ikoreshwa mugukora ibice byubatswe nkibikoresho byimashini uburiri, silinderi nagasanduku.

Icyuma cyera. Ibiri muri karubone na silikoni ni bike, karubone ibaho cyane muburyo bwa sima, kandi kuvunika ni umweru wera.

Ibyiza byo guteka ibyuma

Ibyiza byo gutekesha ibyuma ni uko ihererekanyabubasha riba ndetse, ubushyuhe buringaniye, kandi biroroshye guhuza nibintu bya acide mugihe cyo guteka, ibyo bikaba byongera ibyuma mubyokurya inshuro nyinshi. Kugirango rero uteze imbere kuvugurura amaraso no kugera ku ntego yo kuzuza amaraso, yabaye kimwe mubikoresho byo guteka byatoranijwe mumyaka ibihumbi. Icyuma gikunze kubura mumubiri wumuntu kiva mumasafuriya yicyuma, kubera ko inkono zicyuma zishobora gushiramo ibintu byicyuma mugihe utetse, bikaba byoroshye umubiri wumuntu.

Abarimu bashinzwe imirire ku isi bagaragaza ko ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma ari ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bifite umutekano hanze aha. Inkono y'icyuma ahanini ikozwe mubyuma byingurube kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo irimo indi miti. Muburyo bwo guteka no guteka, ntakintu kizashonga mumasafuriya yicyuma, kandi ntakibazo kizagwa. Nubwo haba hari icyuma cyuma kigwa, nibyiza ko umubiri wumuntu ubyakira. Inkono y'icyuma igira ingaruka nziza zifasha mukurinda kubura amaraso. Bitewe n'ingaruka z'umunyu ku cyuma munsi y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ndetse no guterana amagambo hagati y'inkono n'amasuka, icyuma kidahinduka hejuru yimbere yinkono kijugunywa ifu hamwe na diameter nto. Iyo poro imaze kwinjizwa numubiri wumuntu, ihinduka imyunyu ngugu ya fer idafite ingufu za aside gastricike, bityo igahinduka ibikoresho fatizo bya hematopoietic yumubiri wumuntu kandi bikagira ingaruka nziza zo kuvura. Inkunga y'inkono y'icyuma niyo itaziguye.

Byongeye kandi, Jennings, umwanditsi w’inkingi n’inzobere mu mirire mu kinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika "Kurya neza", yanagaragaje izindi nyungu ebyiri zo guteka muri wok ku mubiri w’umuntu:

1. Urashobora gukoresha amavuta make muguteka mumasafuriya. Niba isafuriya yicyuma ikoreshwa mugihe kirekire, urwego rwamavuta rusanzwe rusanzwe hejuru, ibyo bikaba bihwanye ningaruka zisafuriya. Ntugashyire amavuta menshi mugihe utetse, kugirango wirinde kunywa amavuta menshi yo guteka. Kugira ngo usukure inkono y'icyuma, nta kintu cyogeza gikenewe, koresha amazi ashyushye hamwe na brush ikomeye kugirango uyisukure, hanyuma uyumishe burundu.

2. Ibyuma gakondo bikozwe mucyuma birashobora kwirinda ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’imiti yangiza hejuru y’ibisahani. Isafuriya idakaranze irimo karubone tetrafluoride, imiti ishobora kwangiza umwijima, ikagira ingaruka ku mikurire, ndetse ishobora no gutera kanseri. Hariho kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyi miti ishobora gutera abagore kwinjira mu gihe cyo gucura. Iyo utetse hamwe nisafuriya idafite inkoni, tetrafluoride ya karubone izahinduka gazi mubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi izahumeka numubiri wumuntu hamwe numwotsi wo guteka. Byongeye kandi, hejuru yisafuriya idafite inkoni yashushanyijeho amasuka, kandi tetrafluoride ya karubone izagwa mubiryo kandi biribwa nabantu. Amabati gakondo ntabwo afite iyi miti, kandi mubisanzwe nta kaga nkako.